Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Curriculum Theory Practice

Abstract There are various schools of thoughts in curriculum and education practices. This essay evaluates the existentialist curriculum as applied at Blue Valley School District in Kansas. It shows that schools should offer a learning environment that promotes individuality and a sense of freedom in pupils.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Theory Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thus, it discourages a rigid curriculum and mass teaching. Teachers remain passive as learners pursue their subjects of interests. A school can adopt other forms of curriculum such as pragmatic to support the available curriculum. The essay suggests the adoption of a pragmatic curriculum in the schools as a way of renewing the curriculum by focusing on the teacher and the subject matter to drive social aspects of learning and experimentation. It argues that a renewed approach to the curriculum based on the pragmatic c oncept should put a greater emphasis on language and literature with regard to social elements of both. Thus, social elements in studies should not be seen as special but rather as an important part of any curriculum. It encourages learners to have positive attitudes and experiences as they embrace new ideas and that learning should not occur in succession but rather in a progressive form. Hence, a pragmatic curriculum would improve learning through experiments, social elements and progressive activities. Application of an Existentialist Curriculum in American Education Practices An existentialist curriculum emanates from an influential belief in individual free will and the need for people to define and shape their own future.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More First, under existentialist curriculum, learners control their own education practices. Instructors encourage learners to under stand and value their own uniqueness, assume responsibilities and facilitate self-learning. In this regard, existentialists propagate â€Å"students’ freedom† (Null, 2011, p. 82) while teachers â€Å"arrange for students to be part of a community of learners who help each other do their best† (Null, 2011, p. 72). Consequently, they do not support any strict curriculum in education practices and the inclusion of several subjects alongside specialization at higher levels indicates an approach to education practices based on the existentialist curriculum with flexible schedule. Second, a curriculum based on existentialism recognizes individual learner unique differences. Consequently, instructors and educators should aim to develop a curriculum that meets needs of such learners. In this regard, Null notes, â€Å"Teachers and curriculum makers, instead of trying to get all students to have the same experience, should embrace the reality of â€Å"multiliteracy† (Null, 2011, p. 76). Such a curriculum should aim to meet the immediate and future needs of students. For instance, students focus on real-world applications of learned skills, such as writing, reading, science and mathematics in learner-driven classrooms through discussions, debates, and discourses to discover new meanings and answer to questions questions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Curriculum Theory Practice specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Third, the curriculum allows learners to learn about their self. This leads to self-examination and the need for inclusion to accommodate others. At the same time, learners reflect freedom and moral decisions in learning practices. In this case, Null notes that, â€Å"Education ought to help the young learn how to create their own meanings through these forms (of representation)† (Null, 2011, p. 75). Scientific subjects and mathematics form a part of the ex istentialist curriculum to allow learners to gain objective skills and critical thinking. However, the curriculum emphasizes the importance of self and self-knowledge (Koirala, 2011, p. 42). Blue Valley School District in Kansas focuses on an existentialist curriculum. An existentialist curriculum promotes the Socratic Approach to learning. The curriculum is student-centered and learners must strive to generate solutions on their own. They must collect available evidence and review them to discover new knowledge and identify gaps in the available knowledge. In some instances, learners must discover new knowledge by conducting research and scrutinizing different studies. In this context, the school promotes the use of an existentialist curriculum for problem solving. The school encourages individual reading among learners. However, the school also encourages learners to conduct group discussions and express their thoughts.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This approach eliminates the superiority of group outcomes over individual thoughts. Learners may lose free choice and individualism that the philosophy advocates for. Teachers at Blue Valley School District aim to develop creative capabilities of learners. Consequently, learners engage in practical activities to understand and discover new ideas. Overall, the existentialist curriculum views students as the main center of focus in education practices and classroom teaching. Instructors seek to accommodate learners’ interests and needs. The role of the instructor is to guide learners. The instructor also facilitates learning to help students to achieve their learning objectives. The existentialist curriculum focuses on the future needs of learners and prepares them to discover self and be independent. Thus, learners must be creative and develop critical thinking attributes. An existentialist curriculum strives for absolute freedom and students’ responsibility as they en gage in learning. However, they must also account for the needs of society in order to cope well after studies through â€Å"the ability to think, speak and deliberate† (Null, 2011, p. 16). The Pragmatic Curriculum for Improving Learning Blue Valley School District can enhance the level of education if it implements a pragmatic curriculum to complement its current existentialist model. The school should encourage educators to join and create a niche for a pragmatic curriculum and develop inquiry approaches. The pragmatic philosophy recognizes the teacher as a guide for students. He must promote learning in a social environment in order to achieve social efficiency among learners and create a favorable relationship with students. Students at the school can benefit if the teacher adopts a sympathetic strategy to classroom learning. This would promote academic freedom and democratic learning. The teacher will work with students, suggest problems and engage in â€Å"classroom ma nagement techniques, research-based procedural skills, and the efficient use of instructional time† (Null, 2011, p. 126). He will give learners opportunities to find solutions as a way of stimulating learning. The teacher would then challenge learners to go beyond knowledge presented in the textbooks and discover their own. Students will benefit in learning if the teacher adopts experiment or encourages learners to develop specific experiences. In this context, the teacher encourages learners to learn by doing rather than by knowing. The intention of the teacher is to ensure that learners think and act to develop new ideas rather than repeat ideas from the books. In Blue Valley School District, teachers can dedicate two weeks to encourage experiments and discovery learning. Null notes that â€Å"teachers should take control† (Null, 2011, p. 143) and generate ideas that interest learners and encourage them to solve specific problems. They must organize and allow learners to demonstrate and facilitate learning among themselves. Therefore, pragmatist ideas will facilitate practical learning that learners require in a modern society. The focus on the subject matter will also facilitate learning at Blue Valley School District. John Smith notes that â€Å"changes are necessary through an innovative curriculum† (Smith, 2008, p. 74), which focuses on the subject matter. The subject matter of the school curriculum based on a pragmatic approach should promote social life among learners. In this regard, Blue Valley School District should develop a curriculum that goes beyond the current core subjects to include the learner’s own social experiences and activities (Null, 2011, p. 144). The subject matter should make the learner aware of his or her social heritage and cultural differences. This would enhance appreciation of individual uniqueness among learners. The subject matter should not consider social activities as special studies. The school should encourage social studies as fundamental forms of the subject matter. The focus on the subject matter would review how Blue Valley School District presents science studies. The current mode is entirely objective and students regard science as new subject and experience. The subject matter will introduce science as a part of a knowledge and experience, which learners have already acquired in their previous experiences. Thus, the subject matter of a science should not be new to the student and should support their current knowledge. A focus on the subject matter would restore the relevance of literature and language studies because the current form has eliminated most of the social aspects of the subject. Language should rise beyond the expression of ideas to include social elements in the content. The subject matter would allow language to function as a means of communication with social motives rather than as a means of expressing knowledge one has already learned. Finally, t he subject matter would eliminate succession in learning. That is, progress in studying should not be in the succession (Smith, 2008). Instead, it should reflect developments in learners’ attitudes and interests in learning new activities (Smith, 2008). Thus, the subject matter may eliminate the approach of introducing art, culture, science and others in later grades. In other words, approaches to curriculum contents should go beyond mere reading and writing in lower grades and â€Å"subjects such as manual training, nature study and science should replace reading and writing as the primary focus of the elementary curriculum† (Null, 2011, p. 132). References Koirala, M. P. (2011). Existentialism in Education. Academic Voices: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 1(1), 39-44. Null, W. (2011). Curriculum: from theory to practice. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield Publishers, Inc. Smith, J. (2008). Reconciling subjects and contexts: the case for a pragmatic primary curriculum. Ed ucationalfutures, 1(2), 63-74. This essay on Curriculum Theory Practice was written and submitted by user Jadon Brooks to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

Freedom vs. Security essays

Freedom vs. Security essays On September 11th, 2001, an attack was made on The United States of America. Nineteen terrorists boarded and hijacked four passenger airlines, and used them as weapons against buildings in New York and Washington D.C. The fourth plane was brought down in rural Pennsylvania. Over 3,000 lives were lost in these attacks, and many more were ruined by the loss of family, friends, and coworkers. To prevent a reoccurrence of the events of 9-11-01, security policies have been changed, new measures taken, and national awareness heightened. However, new security measures have a tendency to take away some of our civil liberties as citizens of a democracy. This atrocity brought about a new debate within our nation and its leaders. Some say individual freedoms can be sacrificed for the sake of safety. Others strongly disagree and claim that is a disgrace to our constitution, history and country to take such measures. I agree with those who support heightened security, despite some of the constraints that may be placed on certain liberties. After the attacks of September 11th, soldiers of the National Guard have been on station in the airports across the nation. Soldiers pacing around an airport garbed in full battle gear, armed with automatic rifles is a new sight for most American citizens. However, if one were to travel to almost any other country in the world, (especially in Europe) this sight would be a common, everyday reality. This is something that we Americans should adjust to, for our own safety. Some believe that military presence in a civilian setting represents the characteristics of a socialist, communist, or totalitarian regime, and not that of a free democracy. This is not necessarily true; for freedom comes at a price. I dont mind if soldiers must be stationed on all means of public transit, including airports, if it means they are less likely to be attacked by terrorists, and prev ...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Term Paper

Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences - Term Paper Example and multiplication tables without a deep understanding of the project. There have been mixed reactions to this theory. Experiments have revealed that there is high correlation between the two. Many scholars are in support of the suggestive approaches of the theory. Without claiming it to be the final list Gardner has made a list of eight basic types of intelligences. The actual list prepared by Gardner had seven different types of intelligences and later in the year 1999, he added a naturalist intelligence which makes it a list of eight. ... Presently the theory’s eight accepted types of intelligences are musical, intrapersonal, naturalistic, interpersonal, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, logical-mathematical and linguistic. The areas like ability to visualize with the eye of one’s mind and spatial judgment are deal by spatial intelligence. Architects, artists and designer according to the theory are examples of people with such intelligence. Studies also suggest that people with this type of intelligence are very good with puzzles. The linguistic intelligence area deals with people with high intelligence in the fields of words, written or spoken, people who have a high intelligence of verbal linguistics show a potentially high capability with languages and words. Such people are relatively good with memorizing dates, words, telling stories, reading and writing when compared to others. In such cases people who possess linguistic intelligence learn better by listening lectures, reading, by debates and discussio ns and by taking notes. Foreign languages are easily learned and remembered by people with verbal linguistic intelligence, they are very good in understanding and manipulating structure and grammar. They also possess a very high verbal memory and are able to recollect very fast. Logical – mathematical intelligence, this area deals with numbers, abstractions, reasoning and logic. Though it is often said that people with such intelligence are good at games like chess, subjects like computer programming, mathematics and other numeric and logical activities, the theory emphasizes that this type of intelligence has to do with various abilities like, performing calculations that are complex, investigations and scientific thinking, recognition of abstract patterns and reasoning abilities. The theory

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) Essay

Discussing posters from WWI, WWII and revolutions (Russian) - Essay Example Thus, fundementally, the presence of social problems don't always ignite a war; it's the inability of the governing body to contain these issues that ignites it. Then again, it will take more fuel for wars to actually begin and sustain itself. This is where propaganda comes in. Looking at the two major wars in history - World War I and World War II, you would find countless of various forms of propaganda urging the people to support these wars. It could take take form of a compelling speech, a passionate hymn or an intruging poster, which will essentially get the people's support or sympathy. When used right, propaganda can be a very powerful fuel that would drive the success of a war or a revolution. Of course, that would depend on which side you're looking at. In the course of history, you would find external wars between countries, and internal wars within a specific region. Different ways and styles of propaganda had been used for these battles. World War I erupted in the year 1914. Years of power struggle and policy conflicts between the world's super powers - The Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers - led to one of the deadliest conflicts in history. The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne by the Serbian nationalist, Gavrilo Princip was the breaking point. This triggered Austro-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia and a whole series of events leading to the spread of conflict worldwide (Marshall, p 1). Looking into the history of World War I, you would find various reasons why it even began. Depending on which side you're studying, you'll find different propaganda's making the other side as the evil enemy. Countries involved in the war used propaganda to raise people's support and morale. Externally, it was also used to gain allies. The involvement of US in World War I is one example of how propaganda worked externally among countries. Initially, the US had made a bold stand to stay out of the war. However, the sleeping super power had been put under pressure by its allies. At the same time, Germany had attacked U.S. naval ships. The tipping point was when the British governement revealed to the U.S. the Zimmerman telegram, which was a proposal of Berlin to Mexico to join the war as Germany's ally against the U.S. All these compounding events led to the participation of America three years after the war started. During the war-torn years, various propaganda materials came out in America to reinforce the decision why the country joined the war in the first place. An independent agency, called Committee on Public Information, was established specifcially to influence public opinion regarding the US intervention in WWI. Since 'propaganda' has such a bad image for the Americans, the committee's leader, George Creel, defined their activities as "not propaganda as the Germans defined it, but propaganda in the true sense of the word, meaning the 'propagation of faith' (Crumm, 19). Under this group, America's most famous illustrators such as James Montgomery Flagg, Joseph Pennell, and Louis D. Fancer had gathered together to create some of WWI's most compelling and influential images. The most popular propaganda poster was of Uncle Sam - personification of US - which encouraged

Sunday, November 17, 2019

HEALTH CARE QUESTIONS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HEALTH CARE QUESTIONS - Essay Example Social marketing seeks to influence social behaviors not to benefit the marketer, but to benefit the target audience and the general society." (Kotler & Andreasen as quoted by Weinreich, 2006, par. 2). In every marketing campaign, the most important sources of data to examine are the elements of the marketing mix: product, price, promotion, and place. For social marketing campaigns, the following elements are added: public, partnership, policy and purse strings (Weinreich, 2006, pars. 4 – 11). Under health care, a social marketing campaign considers any of the wide range of products offered by health care institutions. Physical products come in the form of medicines, prosthetics, and other tangible health products. Health care also offers services ranging from diagnostic, laboratory, therapeutic examinations. Other products are likewise enumerated: â€Å"practices (e.g., breastfeeding, ORT or eating a heart-healthy diet) and finally, more intangible ideas (e.g., environmental protection)† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 4). The price is the cost for designing and implementing the social marketing campaigns. The place is the target market for the campaign. The promotion â€Å"consists of the integrated use of advertising, public relations, promotions, media advocacy, personal selling and entertainment vehicles. The focus is on creating and sustaining demand for the product† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 6). The other critical sources of data for the campaign are: publics (internal and external groups directly involved in the campaign); partnerships (affiliated organizations that team up to organize the campaign); policy (governing rules supporting the social marketing program); and purse strings (â€Å"funds provided by sources such as foundations, governmental grants or donations† (Weinreich, 2006, par. 11)). Coye, Foege, & Roper (1994) identified leadership traits required in public health to ensure the development of health objectives in one’s community, to wit: â€Å"the

Friday, November 15, 2019

Building a Portfolio Style Website

Building a Portfolio Style Website Short History and Development of HTML HTML, decrypted as a Hyper Text Markup Language. The first version of HTML appeared in 1986, in 1991 it has been significantly modified. From then until today, there have been several versions of the substantially modified. In 1995 published a second version HTML 2.0. After the release of the second version immediately began work on the next generation of HTML. And In 1997 comes the recommendation HTML 3.2, which added a mark-up language tables, frames, images and some other important tags. The 4th version of HTML 4.01 started in 1997, recent changes appeared 24.12.1999. HTML5 It is the fifth and current version of the HTML standard; it was published in October 2014. HTML5 structure consists of a plurality of elements:       window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"de6e6cfad9","applicationID":"221047987","transactionName":"bl0HMhMFDEYCWhJeWlcXMBQISwdGEFgfRBpYShEPAggHGxNRFg==","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":1,"atts":"QhoERFsfH0g=","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""} Some few examples tags and applicable attribute of HTML 1. is mandatory for the image element is mandatory for the URL of the link. This is a paragraph. Importance of CSS in web design and outline its evolution from CSS1 to CSS3. The first CSS specification, CSS1, became a World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) recommendation in December 1996. CSS2 came out in 1998. The work on CSS3 has been going on for years, but seems to advance very slowly So, what exactly does CSS stand for? It stands for Cascading Style Sheets and style sheet refers to the document itself. Ever web browser has a default style sheet, so every web page out there is affected by at least one style sheet the default style sheet of whatever browser the web page visitor is using regardless whether or not the web designer applies any styles. For example, my browsers default font style is Times New Roman, size 12, so if I visited a web page where the designer didnt apply a style sheet of their own, I would see the web page in Times New Roman, size 12. Examples of rules created in CSS:   p{ color: #02031c; } B)   body{ background-color:   #caefc6; } Outline the four steps involved in developing a site and choice of web authoring tools available. Planning, Research Design Development Testing website Hardware and software tools you need for web design Web designing takes much more than most people think. It is about ensuring that you have all the relevant hardware and software tools required to design a good and appealing website. One of the most important tools you need a computer. A computer to be used for web design should have a large hard disk and Random Access Memory, high processing speed and large storage capacity to be able to process the large video files. The next thing you need is a server that you will use to host the website. Two servers are needed, the hardware and software servers which are important for web hosting. The relevant software for instance Dreamweaver and Microsoft front page need to be available before any progress can be made in construction of the site. How the importance of the following will affect in design a website? Target market Every website should be designed for the target audience not just for yourself or the site owner. It is therefore very important to understand who your target audience is. Site objectives Navigation Navigation means how an user surfs the web pages, different controls like buttons, boxes or how the user uses the links on the pages to surf different pages. Site structure option will help users to find content pages that they are looking for easily and quickly. These are all optional items and if present they should be validated. A good site structure is a requirement for Search Engine Optimization. It allows both your users and search engines to find content within your site more easily. A good structure is well categorized, and pages within it only link to other pages on the same topic. Access speeds Check your websites loading speed. Page speed is an important factors in search engine rankings and overall site success. Pages that take longer than 5 seconds to load can lose up to 50% of users. Faster webpages result in higher traffic, better conversions and increased sales over slower loading pages. User Interface User experience design is what makes the layout and organization of a website easy-to-use. User experience is a very important factor because visitors or potential customers in the case of a business will usually hit the Back button or leave the website completely the moment they become frustrated. While this frustration may sometimes be caused by the websites content, a far more common cause is a web design thats difficult to use or navigate. Sketch a design for the homepage of the portfolio site. How the site should be maintained and upgraded in future? What is Website Maintenance? The activities from which Website Maintenance is composed are: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Website Publishing: To keep content up-to-date. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Website Quality Assurance: To spot errors on a site. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Website Feedback Monitoring: To manage communication with Website visitors. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Website Performance Monitoring: To measure success. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Website Infrastructure Monitoring: To supervise hosting. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Change Control: To manage technical and other changes in a coordinated way. These activities are usually carried out by members of a Website Maintenance Team. Owning a website or blog has its responsibilities. You cant just upload it and forget it. Regular website maintenance is a must if you want your site to be successful. So, how the site should be tested? Accuracy to Original Design: Compare the original design that you approved to the end product to ensure that the coded version is true to the website design you love. Keep in mind that some adjustments may have been discussed along the way, but you should know about them and there shouldnt be any surprises. Are the font styles right? Do bulleted lists look the way you expected them to look? If you have any rollover effects, make sure theyre working beautifully. Images: Look at the images on your site and make sure they are picture perfect. Check for any lingering watermarks and ensure your images look the way they should and have aesthetically pleasing spacing around them. Content: Check that you have all of the pages you need for your debut and that all have proper grammar, spelling etc. Browser Check: Check your website on multiple browsers. Depending on what level of design and programming you purchased, older or less common browsers may have some compatibility issues, however be sure to check your website on the most common players: Internet Explorer 7 or above, Safari, and Firefox.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Drug Use Among College Students

Marijuana is the most frequently used illicit drug in the United States, with approximately 32 percent of all Americans having tried it at least once in their lifetime (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008). The Harvard School of public Health College Alcohol Study, conducted in 1993, examined the drug and alcohol use of 17,592 college students nation-wide (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008). The study found that marijuana use is higher among students who participate in other high-risk activities such as binge drinking, cigarette smoking, and having multiple sexual partners (Marijuana Use among Students, 2008).The purpose of this study is to examine drugs use among college students. Drug is define as a substance or medicine that is misused. Review of Literature In many societies, marijuana has historically been a valued crop (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). It is called hemp because the woody fibers of the stem yield a fiber can be made into cloth and rope (Hanson, Venturell, 1998). The ter m cannabis comes from the Greek word for hemp(Hanson, Venturell, 1998). Cannabis is often used with other substances, especially nicotine, alcohol, and cocaine (DSM IV,2000 ).Mild forms of depression, anxiety or irritability are seen in about one-third of individuals, who regularly use cannabis (DSM IV,2000). Starting in 2000, reports of marijuana use among college students started to level off, with the annual prevalence hovering between 30 percent and 35 percent for several years (Higher Education Center, 2008). Marijuana users also demonstrate an increased risk for other high-risk behaviors such as heavy drinking and cigarette smoking when compared with their peers who abstain from marijuana (Higher Education, 2008).Students who use marijuana frequently may function at a limited intellectual level at all times that is even when not under the influence of the drug contributing to lower grades and an increased risk of dropping out of college (Higher Education Center, 2008). There h as been research that examined the relationship among social norms, social outcome and expectancies, and marijuana users (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008).Students completed online assessment of their marijuana use, related consequences, perceived norms, and social expectancies related to marijuana use (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). Results suggested that perceptions of friends marijuana use were most strongly associated with marijuana use (Neighbors, Geisner, Lee, 2008). Rates of use among colleges ranged from zero percent at the lowest use schools to 54 percent at the highest use schools (Bell, Wechsler, Johnston, 1996).Many individuals attend college to experience independence from parental supervision for the first time, and are particularly vulnerable to social pressures to engage in risky behavior such ad cocaine use (Williams, Pacula, Chaloupka, Wechsler, 2006). There are long-term consequences of frequent marijuana use which include and increased tolerance for the drug, depr ession and anxiety, impaired immune defense, complications in pregnancy, and increased heart attack risk (Higher Education Center, 2008).Many marijuana users do not realize that, as with other illicit drugs, it can be addictive (Higher Education Center, 2008). While not everyone who uses marijuana becomes dependent upon it, thousands of people who enter dug treatment programs annually report marijuana as their primary drug of abuse (Higher Education Center, 2008). Hypotheses It is hypothesized the marijuana users seems to obtain lower grades or drop out of college.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Economic Order Quantity

Economic order quantity is the order quantity that minimizes total inventory holding costs and ordering costs. It is one of the oldest classical production scheduling models. The framework used to determine this order quantity is also known as Barabas EOQ Model or Barabas Formula. The model was developed by Ford W. Harris in 1913, but R. H. Wilson, a consultant who applied it extensively, is given credit for his in-depth analysis EOQ applies only when demand for a product is constant over the year and each new order is delivered in full when inventory reaches zero. There is a fixed cost for each order placed, regardless of the number of units ordered. There is also a cost for each unit held in storage, sometimes expressed as a percentage of the purchase cost of the item. We want to determine the optimal number of units to order so that we minimize the total cost associated with the purchase, delivery and storage of the product. The required parameters to the solution are the total demand for the year, the purchase cost for each item, the fixed cost to place the order and the storage cost for each item per year. Note that the number of times an order is placed will also affect the total cost, though this number can be determined from the other parameter. * A   =   Demand for the year (Annual usage/sales in units * Cp  Ã‚   =   Cost to place a single order (order cost ) * Ch   =   Cost to hold one unit inventory for a year (annual carrying cost per unit)|

Friday, November 8, 2019

A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Example

A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Example A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay A Critical Analysis Of The Code Of Conduct Social Work Essay Essay Planning is no longer aA fashionableA construct peculiarly after the prostration of socialism in the recent yesteryear and which has exerted the influence upon the environment ( Evans, 1995 ) . It is the portion of land usage planning system which used to equilibrate the developments in future in context of economic, societal and environment countries. Harmonizing[ 2 ]to Davies, A N, Planning is theA processA of settingA ends, developingA schemes, and outliningA tasksA andA schedulesA to carry through the ends and it is a tool for counsel and facilitation for assorted countries like regeneration and development . Harmonizing[ 3 ]to Lewis Keeble, Planning is the art and scientific discipline of telling the usage of land and the character and siting of edifices and communicating paths so as to procure the maximal operable grade of economic system, convenience and beauty . Since the postwar planning system was put into topographic point in Britain, Major alterations have taken topographic point during this clip in society, the economic system, and the political scene some of which have been touched upon in this rapid overview. In these altering frames, town and state planning has grown into a series of different policy countries which gave different waies for the profession. As the profession underwent a figure of alterations, the development of assorted Acts of the Apostless, policies, models and counsel notes came into being. Harmonizing to Evans, B. , The British planning has emerged out from peculiar fortunes like economic, political and cultural as a signifier of land usage control which is different to the emerged systems in other states. The essay analyzes the critical adequateness of Royal Town Planning Institute`s ( RTPI ) Code of Conduct in other visible radiation of ethical concerns which are besides an of import concerns in be aftering actions/decisions. It begins with debut about RTPI`s Code of Conduct, distinguish between moralss, ethical issues and every bit good as between Codes of Conducts and Codes of Ethics. It so describes the statements between different writers about ethical quandary in the context of be aftering theory, altering function of professional contrivers due to facing of ethical issues/dilemmas and unfavorable judgment of the RTPI Code of Conduct in different ethical concerns like personal, societal and environmental etc because the engagement of political/personal concerns, societal reforms and environmental protection/concerns were added to the planning actions/decisions over the clip. So it s truly of import to analyse the Code of Conduct in their context. It concludes by looking over dif ferent ethical concerns critically to happen out the importance of Code of Conduct for future in the context of different ethical concerns. In the British Planning pattern system, The Royal Town Planning Institute ( RTPI ) is a dynamic administration taking the manner in the creative activity of topographic points that work now and in the hereafter[ 4 ] . The RTPI has its ain professional Code of Conduct as last amended on January 2007. The Professional Code of Conduct sets out that how the members of RTPI should act among their all the professional activities and moralss. It has besides numbered clauses which are more elaborate, explains the Code of Conduct. Ethical motives are defined[ 5 ]as the moral quality of an action or the rightness . It is of import to separate the moralss and ethical issues. Ethical motives are helpful to steer the contrivers in their day-to-day professional work agenda while ethical issues majorly focused upon the moral correct behaviours and affect conflicts/dilemmas about the right/wrong terminals and rules. Within the planning profession there are codifications of behavior ( RTPI, adopted 1994 ) and codifications of moralss. It is of import to distinguish these: a codification of moralss is comprised of airy statements sing the normative and ethical facets of the profession While a codification of behavior has certain guidelines/regulations for professional behaviour including struggle of involvement and professional competency ( Hendler 1991 ) . The moralss of competency, unity and equality are the chief aims in the intents of RTPI`s Code of Conduct among their all the professional activities and Code of Conduct is besides giving accent to personal, professional and political ethical models. Planing theory is besides depicting the ethical quandary of different sectors which are like environment, societal and economic etc. Harmonizing[ 6 ]to Campbell S A ; S. Fainstein S. , Planing theory in itself, is a slippery topic and accounts are frequently frustratingly pleonastic or disappointingly prosaic Consequently it appears as convergence with theory in all subjects of societal scientific disciplines and it s difficult to restrict the range of planning. Harmonizing to William L. , contrivers are torn between public, functioning professionals and fellow members. So this quandary is farther complicated by the extension of be aftering actions and struggles between the different sectors like environment, societal and economic development and these struggles creates jobs non merely in be aftering actions every bit good as in professionals and in the whole planning procedure. The altering function of contrivers over the clip is besides a one of ground for the addition in facing of profession by ethical issues. These alterations can be measured from two positions as Change in the planning profession itself over clip and alterations in the manner in which public and clients perceive planning professionals and their profession. Planners have seen in different function theoretical accounts over the clip and late they are seen to be more synergistic, interchanging cognition and thoughts with clients and a broad scope of other interested parties ( Healey 1991 ) . Now contriver is recognized as expertness, is more to cover with interchanging ideas/knowledge alternatively of bordering policies and study Hagiographas. Harmonizing to Prior ( 2000 ) , the current function of contriver is seems to be as a go-between between different involvements in land development and Forester ( 1989 ) besides gave examined planner`s current function as a facilitator who is helpin g others instead than a proficient expert. Thomas and Healey ( 1991 ) besides describe[ 7 ]planning as a multi-disciplinary field pulling on diverse Fieldss of cognition. Planners must be able to pull together these diverse Fieldss and co-ordinate bureaus with different cognition and duties. Every state has its ain organic structures ( Government/NGO`s ) for guaranting the equality among different groups in the society. The RTPI Code of Professional behavior under No.2, It mentions the equality and riddance of favoritism in the context of sex, faith, disablement, age and sexual orientation in all the professional activities among members As ; others. In the 1970s, to turn to the new inquiries and ends, an effort was done to broaden them by knocking the professional codification of behaviors by Howe, Kaufman and Marcuse. Harmonizing to them, as they were knocking the professional planning codifications from the UK, Canada A ; USA, some of the codifications in UK have no mentions to the moralss, and they are merely adverting some general footings related with moralss and in some, more accent on personal moralss of single contrivers. The RTPI Code of Conduct besides mentions that the members have to maintain their personal, private, political and fiscal involvements separate from their professional responsibilities so that they should execute their responsibility without any break and take steps/precautions clip by clip to maintain them separate from professional duties but harmonizing to Marcuse ( 1976 ) ,[ 8 ] In most instances, even the regulations for stating right from wrong are non clear. Duties to clients conflict with duties to the populace ; following professionally recognized criterions of behavior green goodss consequences repugnant to most laypersons ; professional unity and democratic determination doing seem to conflict ; the bounds of professional concern are hazy. Marcuse besides mentioned that the bing ethical and professional criterions are frequently inherently inconsistent, conflicting and contradictory with the profession`s public oriented image. So finally they are a weak usher to ethical behavior for practising contrivers. The struggle between the positions of elective members and the professional contrivers is besides another quandary. As elective members have different positions[ 9 ]compared to contrivers because members are typically interested in acquiring ballots which can resultant in different positions A ; precedences for a member. So an elective member may hold different precedences for developments in territory as like social/economic alternatively of environmental and ultimately it conflicts with the positions of contrivers because contrivers are responsible for the development of all the sectors and the prioritized issues but in RTPI Code of Conduct, it doesn`t have no mentions or guidelines for such issues/conflicts between elected members and professional contrivers. It s true that contrivers should move professionally but it is besides of import non to take the colored steps/planning actions under any force per unit areas of elective members or other force per unit area groups. Even Harmonizing[ 10 ]to Brewster R. , there are opportunities of struggles between the positions between elected members/representatives and the contrivers working in the local Government and it s important to guarantee the successful completion of be aftering actions . Harmonizing[ 11 ]to Friedman, It may be a biggest job in apprehension and theorizing of planning , in his paper on be aftering research and he mentioned the attack of be aftering research by promoting contriver research workers to place the existent state of affairss of metropolis political relations with planning to turn to the inquiry of power. From point of position of be aftering research and issues related with it, a really small treatment of ethical issues related to be aftering research has done compared to ethical issues associating to be aftering merely ( Hendler,1995 ) [ 12 ]. While in the unfavorable judgment of professional Codes of Conduct done by Howe and Kaufman, ( 1979 ) ; Marcuse, ( 1976 ) shows that there is no direct reference/link to be aftering research in these codifications, as these codifications are for the ordinance of be aftering profession but which is a different activity from research. So planning research is a portion of planning actions/decisions wh ich besides deals with the same ethical issues/dilemmas every bit good as to place assorted specific issues like related with power, political relations etc. Social Justice There are important displacements over the clip in ethical judgements which were informed by impressions in the context of societal and ethical concerns ( Watson, V. , 2006 ) . Harmonizing[ 13 ]to David Harvey, The societal justness is ideally based upon the rules of equal worth of all, shelter and other basic comfortss, chances for all and extinguishing the inequalities from society . The equal distribution among persons is a simple significance of societal justness ( Ernesto M. , 2008 ) . The issues of societal justness are a premier concern in the context of development, socio-economic facets. There are figure of illustrations of unfairness in the signifier of suppression, unequal chances, unfairness etc. Harmonizing to ( Okin, 1989 ) , Feminists have complained that the rules of justness do non use to the household, and therefore, can non procure equal justness for adult females and kids and he besides suggests about the gender neutrality of the original place which will guard against gender favoritism While Rawls notes that the rules of justness apply straight merely to structuring the basic societal establishments ; they do non use to structuring voluntary associations, including the household. The societal issues like equality and riddance of favoritism can be eliminated as mentioned by RTPI Code of Conduct and It will besides assist to keep the equal distribution of societal benefits and loads of the society at all the degrees of Government but the influence of the category and professional background of contrivers in bring forthing the cultural bias in their attitudes and attempts in the planning profession and addition in the societal group s consciousness and engagement can besides impact the professional moralss and be aftering actions in footings of personal behaviours and clip deadlines for applications. The communities and force per unit area groups are going more cognizant, demanding so the contrivers are confronting ethical issues which become more of import and increased. As a consequence, contrivers encouraged to interact with communities/groups but at some phases these involvements/interactions with communities creates force per unit area on the planning actions and every bit good as on planning professionals. The increased engagement of community groups was identified[ 14 ]by peculiar Councils as an increasing challenge confronting territory Councils in the planning actions in footings of making more ethical quandary for contrivers. Harmonizing to Marcuse`s ( 1976 ) unfavorable judgment of the inexplicit preservation of the ethical treatments and codifications of patterns which ignores the societal values and moralss while the single actions which can assist, remains in the procedure because of single concerns as due to their nature and concentrate on persons behaviors and neglects the conditions and supports which can assist towards ethical concerns. Even Harmonizing to Wachs ( 1985 ) , work on be aftering moralss has focused on the codifications and the single contrivers behavior is more alternatively of societal ethical concerns in the planning codifications of moralss. Healy ( 1991 ) besides identified[ 15 ]the differentiation between professional related pattern and scholarly pattern and different relationships between be aftering research and planning pattern. So she besides recognized that scholarly researches every bit good as planning research are non much in pattern. Environmental Justice Environmental Justice is a subset of societal justness concerned with the environmental effects ( Ernesto M. , 2008 ) . As like Social justness, contrivers are confronting the most of import alteration in all over the alterations is the environment. The importance of environment has been increased as it is confronted for figure of jobs and issues in recent clip. So now the authorities/agencies are besides concerned about environmental justness as like societal justness. As economic growing was the chief purpose of local governments and the professional contrivers but late and even since the Earth Summit in Rio in 1992, the environment and sustainable development have become major issues. This introduces a whole new field of idea to contrivers, viz. Environmental Ethical motives. Environmental moralss can be defined as that country of idea and moral discourse covering with our ethical responsibilities to, and comparative to, the natural environment ( Beatley 1994 ) . There are figure of statements on this point of position by contrivers and environmental bureaus in the visible radiation of the increasing importance of the environment and it has lead to an addition in the issues that contrivers must see which accordingly creates farther ethical issues. So like other ethical issues, environmental justness issues are besides of import concerns in the planning actions and how we can turn to all these ethical issues and what weight can be provided to environmental issues in be aftering actions, what issues are more of import. Presents in the urban signifiers, the effects or issues related to environmental jeopardies need more concern as like other developments. So to place the solutions for these sorts of issues and their prioritization in be aftering actions, there is no mention given in the RTPI Code of Conduct. Decision The RTPI Code of Conduct sets out the professional patterns and processs for the planning members to execute their professional responsibilities for the better and safe hereafter waies for society. The RTPI Code of Conduct is peculiarly merely oriented to the members of the planning profession which are working in the planning and development sector to guarantee that the determinations should be appropriate and transparent. As the planning professionals are ensured by Code of Conduct towards their professional services, it can assist to accomplish the better environment for them and society in the visible radiation of those ethical concerns but Kaufman and Marcuse reviewed the Codes which explains the deficiency of proper citing to moralss, but it gives merely a mention to general footings, They besides identified the struggles between the statements like `Loyalty to public and to the one`s patron. From Planing theory point of position, it is besides concerned about the different ethical issues between different concerns like environment, societal and economic etc. Harmonizing to assorted writers, it s difficult to specify the exact range and bounds of be aftering theory and planning in it and the function of contrivers is besides under such fortunes that the contrivers are confronted by ethical issues every bit good as by the field. So this quandary is farther complicated by the extension of be aftering actions and struggles between the different sectors and these struggles confronted by be aftering actions every bit good as in professionals and in the whole planning procedure. The RTPI Code of Conduct will assist to the planning professionals to put out unfastened, just and crystalline planning determinations based upon sound judgements and justified grounds and the Code of Conduct besides sets out farther Auxiliary ordinances and Bye Laws about the continuity of professional development, be aftering assistance etc can be helpful to immature planning professionals to face the ethical issues. From point of position of other ethical concerns, Social justness and Environmental justness are besides premier concerns in future planning actions/decisions. As the essay analyses the importance of societal and environmental concerns and why they are more concerned in present and future scenario`s so it becomes an of import portion of such ordinances or Code of Conduct to give accent towards these concerns. Furthermore, the addition in communities and bureaus awareness demands more outlooks from professional contrivers to set about these concerns every bit good. From point of position of Planning research there are no links to the planning research, as these codifications guides the profession which is wholly different activity from research. So we can non use the Code of Conduct straight to the planning research. However, The RTPI Code of Conduct guides the professional contrivers for or encourages the higher degree contrivers to back up and promote other contrivers to keeping the professional criterions and following the guidelines of Code of Conduct and to cover with the and discourse the ethical issues/dilemma so that they can be farther researched by professional contrivers. For Instance, if we think about the planning determinations and services without the set of patterns and processs given by RTPI`s Code of Conduct or other ordinances in be aftering field, it can make an un-planned and hit-or-miss state of affairs for the planning professional every bit good as for society. So at the last, for the better planning hereafters and right determinations, we need appropriate changes/developments in the planning system in the signifier of rules/regulations, such Code of Conducts, policies which can assist the professionals to accomplish aims of be aftering profession. As The RTPI Code of Conduct is helpful up to an extent for the planning profession to prosecute the contrivers with the set of processs and guidelines but in future there is a still demand of farther additions/modifications in it. So that it can cover bing and future coming spreads in it and can direct the planning professional for better tomorrows and turn to the other major ethical concerns like societal and environmental concerns.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Shakespeares Richard III essays

Shakespeares Richard III essays Richard III is considered one of Shakespeares most evil characters, one endowed with sharp wit and lacking in morals, who governs through fear and force. Richard III deals extensively with the themes of political corruption and dissimulation. Richard's reign is portrayed as a period in which nothing is sacred; neither on a political or social level, nor on a personal one. Richard will stop at nothing, not even at betraying his friends and murdering his kin, in order to become king. Although his traits of character are clearly illustrated through his deeds and words, Shakespeare provides the reader with an important contrast to the character of the king, namely the women of the play. These women are: the Duchess of York, Richard's mother; Anne who later becomes Richard's wife; Queen Margaret who was the former queen and Richard's arch enemy, and Queen Elizabeth, the current queen. Also, Queen Elizabeths daughter, Elizabeth, is present in the plot but the reader is never introduced to her. Richard appears one-dimensionally evil, a flat character, the embodiment of evil and moral decay. His evil ambitions are expressed at the outset of the play; his purpose is to deepen the chaos in the kingdom and ultimately become king. He is portrayed through the eyes of the characters, especially the women in the play. Anne, Elizabeth, the Duchess of York and Margaret are voices of protest and morality who condemn the actions of the king, and are able to see through his intrigues, and at times, even to foresee the consequences of his acts. In fact, the four women are used as voices of the Elizabethan age in the sense that they provide an extraordinary example of the world view belonging to that particular era in the history of England. Not only do these women point out moral truths, but they also ask for divine retribution and point to a higher moral authority which transcends the realm of human action. These women illustrate how moral ...

Sunday, November 3, 2019

Organizational Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organizational Response - Essay Example ees to abide by new roles or responsibilities associated with a more complex structure; and (5) the need to adopt and adjust to the responses of the clientele and other stakeholders, resulting from changes in the functional structure (Jones, 2007). With the problems that were noted, the organizations should be able to respond through the application of the following strategies: (1) adhere to the guidelines presented regarding the principles of bureaucracy; (2) design updated policies and procedures to fit and match changes in the functional structure; (3) properly communicate the changes to stakeholders (employees, management, clients (if needed), and external parties (state or federal agencies, members of the local community, investors and affiliates) who need to be informed; (4) train personnel regarding the need to adapt and adjust to the development and changes made within a more complex functional structure; and (5) monitor and evaluate the performance of personnel to identify strengths or weaknesses in undertaking roles and responsibilities that ensue after the growth or development in functional structure have been

Friday, November 1, 2019

The Case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission Essay

The Case of Australian Securities and Investment Commission - Essay Example The issues in the cases about Paul, Kim, and Karen in the texts involve the following scenarios; Paul suggested that Properties One Pty Ltd (PO) should be the consultants for their company SIL to investigate the most appropriate place for a new power plant in Toowoomba region. Whilst doing this Paul did not inform the other directors that his wife was a director and a major shareholder at PO. Paul also hired the Security One Pty Ltd (SO) on the basis that it had a nice website instead of doing a thorough background check on the company to find out if it was a registered company, the management and even the track record of the company. The other issue is that Kim informed Judy the sister-in-law about SIL proposal and she went ahead to buy shares at PO. Karen’s issue is that she entered into a contract with Conveyers Australia Ltd after she was informed by the Chief Financial Officer that the prices of coal would go up by 25% because of the cold weather but she ignored as she on ly saw it as a short-term issue and used it to benefit herself. According to the Corporations Act (2001) of ASIC, directors are officers of a corporation and are supposed to oblige to the duties they are entitled to in section 9 CA. â€Å"Section 182 states that a director must not improperly use their position to gain an advantage for themselves or someone else, or cause detriment to the corporation.† Paul broke this law by suggesting the PO Company be used by SIL to promote the company of which his wife is a major shareholder and a director. Additionally, Paul breached section 180(1) which stated that â€Å"directors must exercise their powers and discharge their duties with the degree of care and diligence that a reasonable person would in that position.† Paul used his power to hire the security firm that was not registered and hired the firm based on the fact it had an attractive website, therefore, leading to theft in the company. Kim and Karen improperly used their powers in order to make a selfish gain.